Luglio 2020

Stop olio di palma in biodiesel. Legambiente presenta il dossier sui biocarburanti. Più olio di palma nei motori che nei biscotti. Con l’olio di palma, le cui piantagioni sono la principale causa di deforestazione mondiale, non produciamo solo biscotti o detergenti ma soprattutto biocarburanti e bioenergie: il 67% delle importazioni di olio di palma in Europa e il 70% in Italia. Siamo, infatti, uno dei paesi europei che più consuma olii vegetali alimentari per l’energia, perlopiù all’insaputa dei consumatori e con costi aggiuntivi, come denuncia Legambiente nel suo dossier Più olio di palma nei motori che nei biscotti, la mappa degli impianti in Italia.

Per usi energetici, in Italia abbiamo bruciato nel 2019 oltre un milione di tonnellate di olio di palma, 150 mila tonnellate di olio di semi di girasole, 80 mila tonnellate di olio di soia. Per la quasi totalità prodotti in piantagioni indonesiane e malesi, a danno di una delle maggiori foreste tropicali al mondo che ha perso negli ultimi vent’anni alberi e torbiere per oltre 33 milioni di ettari. Un danno incalcolabile per il clima (ogni litro di olio di palma comporta il triplo delle emissioni di CO2 di un uguale volume di gasolio fossile) e per la biodiversità (distruggiamo l’habitat di specie vegetali e animali come l’orango, la tigre e il rinoceronte) che produce, inoltre, rischi di diffusione delle nuove zoonosi.

Secondo Transport & Environment, nel 2019 i conducenti europei hanno bruciato nei loro motori 22 volte più olio di palma di quanto ne ha usato la Ferrero per tutta la Nutella e i Kinder consumati nel mondo; 15 volte di più di quanto consumato dal gruppo Mondelez (Oreo e Cadbury) per i loro biscotti e cioccolatini, quattro volte di più dell’olio di palma impiegato da Unilever per tutti i propri prodotti detergenti in tutto il mondo.

Legambiente mette in guardia parlamentari, governo e consumatori.

“Mentre sulle confezioni o sui siti web dei prodotti alimentari o dei detergenti e dei cosmetici è riportata la loro composizione – dichiara Andrea Poggio, responsabile mobilità di Legambiente – i distributori di carburante o i produttori di energia elettrica che bruciano olio di palma lo nascondono nella migliore delle ipotesi, giustificano il sovraprezzo propagandando caratteristiche genericamente green, rinnovabili o vantaggi ambientali inesistenti. Greenwashing, come ha appurato il 15 gennaio scorso l’Autority a proposito dell’Eni-diesel+ del nostro principale ente petrolifero”.

Legambiente ha fatto qualche conto, a partire dai dati del Gestore Servizi Energetici nazionale, sui costi che cittadini e imprese si trovano indirettamente a sostenere a favore dei petrolieri per la distruzione delle foreste. Ogni automobilista italiano paga, in media, 16 euro all’anno per le così dette rinnovabili nel serbatoio, una cifra complessiva di circa 300 milioni di euro nel 2019 per la sola componente olio di palma (quasi metà del biodiesel). Inoltre, cittadini e imprese, pagano nella bolletta elettrica una piccola quota aggiuntiva per i biocombustibili (che sono per il 69% da olio di palma e di soia): quasi 600 milioni di euro di sussidi attribuibili alla sola componente degli oli alimentari.

“Quindi – prosegue Andrea Poggio – poco meno di 900 milioni di euro all’anno per distruggere foreste in tutto il mondo e aumentare le emissioni di CO2; tra l’altro in aperta violazione della nuova direttiva europea sulle energie rinnovabili che impone la comunicazione della composizione e della fonte del carburante e dell’elettricità venduta al consumatore”.

Per questo, Legambiente ha recentemente scritto ai senatori della Commissione Affari Europei del Senato e ai ministri dello Sviluppo Economico e dell’Ambiente, inviando loro precise proposte di emendamenti al disegno di legge sul recepimento della nuova direttiva rinnovabili, attualmente in discussione al Senato, affinché pongano fine al più presto all’“inganno verde”.
Bruciare olio di palma, di soia e altri oli alimentari non fa bene all’ambiente e non deve più essere sussidiato per legge: è un “sussidio ambientalmente dannoso” pagato dai cittadini senza ragione.

Una petizione, lanciata dall’associazione, per l’abbandono dei sussidi legali all’olio di palma e di soia entro il primo gennaio 2021, rivolta al Presidente del Consiglio Giuseppe Conte, ha già raccolto 60 mila firme.

Eni, il principale gruppo petrolifero nazionale, che pure nel 2019 ha importato 246 mila tonnellate di olio di palma, ha annunciato, in risposta a Legambiente all’assemblea societaria del 13 maggio scorso, che entro il 2023 abbandonerà l’uso dell’olio di palma e conterrà al 20% gli altri oli alimentari nella produzione di biodiesel. Ma Eni rappresenta “solo” un quarto delle importazioni dell’olio di palma bruciato in Italia.

E tutti gli altri? Potranno andare avanti a commerciarlo lucrando a spese dei cittadini ignari e dell’ambiente? Come evidenziato nel dossier, oltre alle due grandi bioraffinerie Eni, vanno infatti segnalate per importanza l’indonesiana Musim Mas, nel porto industriale di Livorno, che importa olio di palma che vende in tutta Europa, e la Bunge nel porto industriale di Ravenna.
Decine di traders e agenti commerciali forniscono oli di palma e soia alle 477 mini centrali – diesel – che producono elettricità inquinando come 5 mila autoarticolati a piena velocità autostradale.

www.legambiente.it

petizione pubblica

Largest open Ocean Clean-up. 103 Tons of Plastic Removed From the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Ocean Voyages Institute’s marine plastic recovery vessel, S/V KWAI, docked at the port of Honolulu today, after a 48-day expedition, successfully removing 103 tons (206,000 lbs.) of fishing nets and consumer plastics from the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone, more commonly known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch or Gyre.
Establishing its lead in open ocean clean-up, Ocean Voyages Institute has set a new record with the largest at sea clean-up in the Gyre to date, more than doubling its own results from last year.

“I am so proud of our hard working crew,” says Mary Crowley, founder and executive director of Ocean Voyages Institute. “We exceeded our goal of capturing 100 tons of toxic consumer plastics and derelict ‘ghost’ nets, and in these challenging times, we are continuing to help restore the health of our ocean, which influences our own health and the health of the planet. The oceans can’t wait for these nets and debris to break down into microplastics which impair the ocean’s ability to store carbon and toxify the fragile ocean food web.”

Known as the “Ghost Net Buster,” Crowley is renowned for developing effective methods to remove significant amounts of plastics out of the ocean, including 48 tons (96,000 lbs.) of toxic plastics during two ocean clean-ups in 2019, one from the Gyre and one from the waters surrounding the Hawaiian islands.

“There is no cure-all solution to ocean clean-up: It is the long days at sea, with dedicated crew scanning the horizon, grappling nets, and retrieving huge amounts of trash, that makes it happen,” says Locky MacLean, a former director at Sea Shepherd and ocean campaigner in marine conservation for two decades.

The GPS satellite trackers used by Ocean Voyages Institute since 2018 are proving Crowley’s theory that one tracker can lead to many nets. The ocean frequently sorts debris so that a tagged fishing net can lead to other nets and a density of debris within a 15 mile radius.
The Pacific Gyre, located halfway between Hawaii and California, is the largest area with the most plastic, of the five major open ocean plastic accumulation regions, or Gyres, in the world’s oceans.

“We are utilizing proven nautical equipment to effectively clean-up the oceans while innovating with new technologies,” says Crowley. “Ocean Voyages Institute has been a leader in researching and accomplishing ocean clean-up for over a decade, granted with less fanfare and attention than others, but with passion and commitment and making meaningful impacts.”

Ocean Voyages Institute will be unloading the record-breaking haul of ocean plastic debris while docked alongside Pier 29 thanks to the support of Honolulu-based Matson, in preparation for upcycling and proper disposal.

“In keeping with our commitment to environmental stewardship, Matson has been searching for a way to get involved in cleaning up the Pacific Gyre,” said Matt Cox, chairman and CEO. “We’ve been impressed with the groundbreaking efforts of Ocean Voyages Institute and the progress they’ve made with such a small organization, and we hope our support will help them continue this important work.”

An Expanded 2020 Expedition
When the sailing cargo ship, S/V KWAI, arrived in Honolulu today, it completed a 48-day at sea clean-up mission that began at the Hawaiian port of Hilo on May 4, after a three week selfimposed quarantine period to ensure the health of crew members and safety of the mission, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the expedition, the KWAI’s multinational crew collected marine plastic pollution with the help of GPS satellite trackers that Ocean Voyages Institute designed with engineer Andy Sybrandy, of Pacific Gyre, Inc. These beacons are placed on nets by volunteer yachts and ships. Drones, as well as lookouts up the mast, enable the ship’s crew to hone in on the debris.
They then recover the litter, place it in industrial bags, and store it in the ship’s cargo hold for proper recycling and repurposing at the end of the voyage.

S/V KWAI, led by Captain Brad Ives, and Ocean Voyages Institute are planning a second voyage to the Gyre departing the end of June to continue clean-up of this area, which is so besieged by toxic debris. The length of a second summer leg will be determined by how successful Ocean Voyages Institute is in securing additional donations.

“Our solutions are scalable, and next year, we could have three vessels operating in the North Pacific Gyre for three months all bringing in large cargos of debris,” says Crowley. “We are aiming to expand to other parts of the world desperately needing efficient clean-up technologies.  There is no doubt in my mind that our work is making the oceans healthier for the planet and safer for marine wildlife, as these nets will never again entangle or harm a whale, dolphin, turtle or reefs.”

ABOUT OCEAN VOYAGES INSTITUTE
Ocean Voyages Institute (OVI) was founded in 1979 by Mary T. Crowley. Over the past 40 years it has provided sail training programs, engaged with high schools and college classrooms on subjects such as marine biology, and collaborated with other non-profit organizations around the world on a variety of projects and missions furthering the preservation of the maritime arts and sciences, ocean environment, and island cultures.
OVI creates access to ocean experiences as well as education promoting appreciation of the beauty and importance of our ocean to a healthy planet and our own health. OVI began ocean clean-up initiatives in the Pacific Ocean in 2009 on board the non-profit’s brigantine KAISEI and has been working continually to find solutions to the ocean trash dilemma since then.
Ocean Voyages Institute has received numerous awards, including United Nations (UNEP)’s “Climate Hero Award,” and Google Inc.’s “Earth Hero Award.”

ABOUT MARY CROWLEY
Mary founded OVI and was the first to advocate to re-purpose and innovate proven maritime equipment for ocean clean up missions. A sea captain, Mary has logged over 115,000 miles at sea and has numerous awards, including VOAP (Netherlands) “Environmental Achievement Award,” Society of Women Geographers “Outstanding Achievement Award,” San Diego Maritime Education & Technology: “Environmental Leadership Award,” 2019 Hawaii Senate “Guardians of our Ocean” Award, and the Marin Board of Supervisors “Exceptional Marine Research & Activism” Award.
It is through this expertise gathered during years at sea that Mary shares the passion and knowledge to accomplish the effective Ocean clean up that is so vitally important today.

ABOUT OCEAN VOYAGES THINK TANK/DO TANK
In 2010, Ocean Voyages Institute established a Think Tank/Do Tank of naval architects, marine engineers, sailors, oceanographers, marine biologists, and maritime industry professionals to study the best ways to utilize maritime industry equipment to carry out effective ocean cleanup operations, using data and experience from the Institute’s month long research voyages to the North Pacific Gyre, The Think Tank/Do Tank is ready to offer assistance to other groups throughout the world, wishing to partner on ocean clean-up projects.

ABOUT PACIFIC GYRE, INC.
Pacific Gyre designs and manufactures an array of products used to track currents, collect environmental data and mark remotely deployed assets. These products, including GPS and satellite telemetry systems such as the dTail GPS Satelitte Trackers, which are a collaborative product worked on by Andy Sybrandy of Pacific Gyre and Mary Crowley of Ocean Voyages Institute in their clean-up work, provide the ability to track and monitor conditions in near realtime.

ABOUT FLOATECO
Ocean Voyages Institute is proud to be a member of the FloatEco interdisciplinary team led by Dr. Nikolai Maximenko and assisted by Dr. Jan Hafner of the International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology – SOEST, located at the University of Hawaii, Manoa campus. Ocean Voyages Institute also works with Dr. Luca Centurioni, Director of the Lagrangian Drifter Laboratory at the University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, which runs the NOAA funded Global Drifter Program, a major component of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS).
Ocean Voyages Institute deployed these drifters on the 2020 expedition to gather oceanographic and meteorological data used in weather forecasting, calibration of satellites and scientific research.
Other FloatEco members working with OVI are: Dr. Andrey Shcherbina, University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory; Dr. Gregory Ruiz and Dr. Linsey Haram, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Marine Research Lab; Dr. James Carlton, Williams College Center of Environmental Studies; Dr. Kathryn Murray and Cindi Wright, Ecosystems Stressors Program in Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration The research work, funded in part by NASA, synthesizes the expertise of oceanographers, biologists, experienced seafarers, and the maritime industry to answer challenging questions about the state of plastic pollution in the open ocean.

ABOUT MATSON
Founded in 1882, Matson (NYSE: MATX) is a leading provider of ocean transportation and logistics services. Matson provides a vital lifeline to the domestic non-contiguous economies of Hawaii, Alaska, and Guam, and to other island economies in Micronesia.

www.oceanvoyagesinstitute.org

www.matson.com